Agriculture Education

IDA/700-PAK-10 Assignment Report Agricultural Education FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY: NOT FOR GENERAL DISTRIBUTION PAKISTAN Horticulture and Vegetable Production at the Sind Agricultural University, Tandojam by Mohamed A. S. Sakr UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (Unesco) Paris, 1982 Serial No. FMR/ED/OPS/82/23KIDA) IDA/700-PAK-10 Assignment Report (Sakr) FMR/ED/OPS/82/231 (IDA) Paris, 22 June 1982 CONTENTS PARAGRAPHS INTRODUCTION ( 1 †2) AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION: UNIVERSITY PROVISION AND NEEDS ( 3 †14) Faculties 3-Central Facilities: 5-8 (1) (2) (3) Central Library Laboratories Water and Electricity (4) 5 6 7 S University Farm 9 Faculty of Agriculture 9 Staffing 10 †14 Department of Horticulture 10 (1) (2) (3) Staffing Buildings Equipment 11 †13 14 (15 †36) ACTIVITIES OF HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT AND ADVISER 16 †20 Undergraduate Curricula 21 Postgraduate Curricula 22 †29 Vegetable Crops (1) (2) (3) goals and Methods Growing tec hniques Seed creation (4) Results 22 †23 24 †27 28 29 30 †32 Student Training:- down to earth work and talks 3 †34 Staff Training Research 35 †I. Presentation 1. This report covers the exercises of the Adviser in Horticulture and Vega,table Production from 14 March 1981 to 13 March 1982, inside the system of Credit Agreement No. 678, marked on 18 February 1977 between the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the International Development Association as gave by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) under sub-agreement to Unesco. 2. His capacities were characterized as follows:Under the heading of theVice-chancellor of the University and the Director of the Third Education Project in Pakistan, the Adviser, other than performing such different obligations inside his capability as may be relegated him, would help the University's Faculty of Agriculture to: a) b) Develop educational programs and showing techniques for courses in cultivation ; c) Prepare seminars on physiological highlights influencing the development of plant crops, including day-length, water-stress, soil and air temperatures, manure use and take-up, and so on ; d) Encourage the turn of events and utilization of imaginative strategies for showing cultivation; e)Identify plant species which could be utilized locally for seed creation; f) I. Start and improve research strategies in vegetable creation; Prepare, inside the Adviser's field of fitness, specialized reports (manuals, rules, leaflets, and so on ) to be put at the removal of the Faculty of Agriculture. Agrarian EDUCATION: UNIVERSITY PROVISION AND NEEDS Faculties 3. The Sind Agricultural University, which created from the Agricultural College originally settled at Sakrand in 1939, had in 1982, an enrolment of 1,700 understudies and approximately 200 school personnel (excluding Research Institute s taff).It has a Division of Basic Sciences, three Faculties †Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Ve terinary Science, and Agricultural Engineering †and a Directorate of Advanced Studies. 4. The biggest personnel is that of Agriculture, with 1,252 students and 174 postgraduate understudies and 88 school personnel in 1982. It has eleven offices: agronomy, herbal science and plant reproducing, farming augmentation and short courses, rural science, agrarian financial aspects, entomology, cultivation, plant security, plant pathology, insights and English. - 2-Central Facilities (1) Central Library; 5. The Adviser thought about that the Central Library, which serves the entire University, had insufficient supplies of late reference books and periodicals, that its utilization could be expanded if its long stretches of activity were reached out from 7. 30 a. m. to 7. 30 p. m. , and that ordering and rack stockpiling of books and different materials ought to be improved. (2) Laboratories : 6. A Central Laboratory, the Adviser suggested, ought to be built up for cutting edge considers, appropriately outfitted and set up with prepared technicians.There was a requirement for a focal assistance to keep up and fix research facility gear and contraption. He saw various things as unavailable which could without much of a stretch have been fixed. Lab partners were required for appropriate lab upkeep and activity, and each division ought to approach labs reasonable for viable work by understudies, for exhibitions and for exploration and experimentation by showing staff and postgraduate understudies. (3) Water and Electricity: 7. The water pressure was lacking in many labs, to the impairment of down to earth work and test projects.Intermittent electrical breakdowns meddled with the direct of research facility tests which required upkeep of a specific temperature, mugginess and lighting. Wiring in certain labs was deficient. Voltage vacillations ought to be balanced out by voltage controllers where delicate mechanical assembly was utilized. A crisis power, flexibly ought t o be accessible. (4) college Farm: 8. The significance of down to earth preparing ought to be reflected by the improvement of a college ranch sufficiently enormous to serve each of the three faculties.A panel, headed by the Vice-chancellor, ought to be liable for the arranging and control of the homestead, with a homestead supervisor responsible for its exercises. The homestead would be utilized basically for preparing understudies and for exploratory examinations, while creation of field yields, products of the soil, along with apiculture and fish-cultivating, could bolster research exercises. Personnel of Agriculture Staffing: 9. With 88 school personnel for 1,426 understudies, the understudy educator proportion in the Faculty of Agriculture is 1:16.This makes it hard for instructors to educate, oversee reasonable preparing and exploration assignments and manage understudies. The Adviser thought about that the teacher:student proportion ought to be 1:10. - 3-Department of Horticul ture (1) Staffing 10. The Horticultural Department of the Faculty of Agriculture gives undergrad and graduate courses in three primary fields: pomology, olericulture and elaborate cultivation. The school personnel of eight (a teacher, one partner educator, four right hand educators and two instructors) ought to be multiplied by the expansion of two partners, two associate educators and four lecturers.A research facility professional and three aides, a field aide for the vegetable nursery and a tractor driver (should the Department get a nursery tractor) ought to likewise b e gave. For the occasion, the University ought to give in any event a research center professional and a field right hand. (2) Buildings (a) Laboratories : 11. The Department has two research centers, one about 30* x 15†² and the other 60†² x 3 0†², the last having two store rooms. Taking into account that this space was insufficient for undergrad down to earth work, the Adviser-suggested the arrang ement of two additional research facilities of 4 0†² x 25 ‘ . b) 12. Agricultural Structures: The Adviser suggested arrangement of: (I) a slat place of 4 0 x 8 0 ‘ for engendering and to give appropriate shade to seedlings and fancy shade plants; (ii) a nursery for tropical foliage plants? (iii) a development chamber for research on ecological effect on the development and yield of green plants. On the off chance that an imported development chamber can't b e acquired, an option would b e a nursery with dampness, light and temperature controls. (c) Post-gather Structures: 1 3. A structure is required for getting ready leafy foods for advertising and torage, de-greening and natural product relieving chambers, cold stockpiling, and safeguarding of foods grown from the ground. (3) Equipment 1 4. The research center hardware is sufficient, however a few things needed fix. Field apparatus, for both nursery and ranch, is given by the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering. I n any case, the Adviser considered it would be invaluable for the Department to have a 60 hp garden tractor, with trolly and - 4-different embellishments, furrow, cultivator, rotivator, leveler, pit-digger, driller, power sprayer, etc.This would spare time presently being lost in obtaining tractors in crises, for example, one which may emerge regarding malady and vermin control. It would ease issues happening from the lack of work. I II. Exercises OF HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT AND ADVISER 1 5. Other than exhorting on staffing and offices, the Adviser co-worked with Department of Horticulture staff in various exercises, including the modification of educational programs, developing of vegetable harvests, down to earth work, preparing understudies and staff, and examination. Undergrad Curricula 16..Undergraduate examinations in agriculture spread a time of five years, the courses being: Years 1 and 2 : Basic science (Intermediate l evel); Year 3 : General cultivation; Year 4 : Fruit and vegetable developing and elaborate cultivation ; Year 5 : Fruit and vegetable creation, scene planting and general food innovation. 1 7. The educational plans in the accompanying zones were reexamined. (an) Intermediate level essential science; (b) Various significant field agricultural courses; (c) Agro-environment of Sind and Baluchistan; (d) Major green yields in Sind and Baluchistan; e) Problems of foods grown from the ground creation in these two areas. 18. An interval improvement plan was set up for undergrad and postgraduate investigations. It was concurred that the three existing courses in plant-rearing and hereditary qualities gave a satisfactory logical foundation in this field and that need should now go to foods grown from the ground creation. To this end, two new courses ought to be included with the goal that the general course would include: vegetable developing, vegetable creation (two courses) and seed creation. †5-19.In vegetable developing, notwithstanding the current zones of definition, arrangement, soil and climatic necessities, the Faculty should include turn, green manuring and kitchen garden development. The two courses in vegetable creation would give time for significant yields to be